THE FUNERAL OF KESTUTIS

KESTUČIO LAIDOTUVĖS

Narsųjį Kestutį ir jo sūnų Vytautą Jogaila apgaulingai suėmė ir Krėvos pilies urvuose uždarė…………….


English Translation by Gloria O’Brien

 

Valiant Grand Duke Kestutis and his son Vytautas, through the treachery of their deceitful nephew and cousin, Jogaila,  were captured and imprisoned in the dungeons of the castle of Krėva.

This news flew like lightning throughout all of Lithuania, Aukštaitija and Žemaitija, causing immeasurable pain and fear in the hearts of the inhabitants.  None there were who did not honor and love Kestutis, the ruler of Trakai, noble spirit and courageous warrior.  Then fear, outrage and calls for vengeance filled all hearts  when it was known that, five days later, at Jogaila’s command, and at the hands of his bodyguard and the Knights of the Cross, Kestutis had been strangled.  Jogaila, frightened at the result of his shameful act, and trembling in the face of a populace calling for revenge, conceived a cowardly plan to hide his role in the murder of his uncle, arranging for him a solemn and ceremonious funeral.

Kestutis’s body, laid upon a fine catafalque, was carried from Kreva to Vilnius on the shoulders of captives; before them walked a hundred mourners, loudly chanting lamentations and weeping copious tears, which they collected in ceremonial glass receptacles.  Before them marched musicians and trumpeters, filling the forests with the sounds of brass and horn.  A hundred warriors, armed with spear, axe and bow, surrounded the Duke’s litter, immediately followed by his faithful servant, ready to be cremated with his lord.  After them, Kestutis’s steed was led,  then his hunting hounds; his falcons and hawks followed, and finally, in a golden cabinet, his robes, his cap, weapons, golden chains and other treasure.  Before all rode twenty mounted knights, swinging their naked swords in the air above and around them, driving away evil spirits, shouting in their most threatening voices, “Begone, devils, do not approach him!  Pikuoli, defend his soul!”

The din raised by the songs of the mourners, sounds of trumpets and horns, and shouts of the mounted men, attracted countless villagers along the way,  prompting them to join the procession which, by the time it reached Vilnius, had become a huge throng.  At the edge of the city, all dressed up in mourning clothes, and escorted by a group of knights, nobles and dignitaries, Jogaila waited.  Seeing the procession, he dismounted, and assuming a sorrowful  expression, he approached the catafalque.  As the bearers set it upon the ground, he sprang toward his uncle’s corpse and spouted loud and insincere tears.

The litter was again raised by the bearers and carried towards the castle.  There a ritual bath had been prepared, and the body was washed and anointed with fragrant oils, then dressed in white robes, encased in shining armor, belted in gold studded with precious gems, shod with red slippers embroidered with gold, and crowned with his ducal cap.  At his side they hung his sword, next to the lifeless hand which not so long ago had been feared by Lithuania’s enemies.  His neck and throat, concealing evidence of the brutal strangulation, were covered by a white cloth in whose folds a number of coins had been sewn, to enable the soul to pay its passage to the netherworld.

The body of Kestutis, thus suitably adorned, was carried into the castle’s audience chamber and seated upon the ducal throne, casks of ale and mead  placed beside him.  Despite the horrid manner of his sudden death, his face retained its customary noble,  peaceful expression, augmented by his long snowy beard and white brows. 

The gates of the castle were opened wide, allowing each individual, regardless of class, age or gender, to gaze upon their fallen leader and bid him a final farewell.  Crowds of people passed through the castle, tearfully saying their goodbyes, for a full five days.  Jogaila was the first to take his leave.  Drinking to his uncle and pretending bitter tears, he called to the deceased:

            - I drink to you, dear uncle, why did you have to die?

And all the assembly repeated:
           
- Why did you have to die?
- Didn’t you have enough to eat and drink?
- Didn’t you have a State, castles and servants?
- Estates, fine robes and treasure, weren’t they enough?
- Didn’t you have a loving wife, children?  O dearest ruler,
  why did you have to die?

Later, Kestutis’s son Vytautas was brought up from the depths of the dungeon.  He shed no tears, but with lips compressed and a stony countenance he approached his father’s corpse, took a cold hand in his own warm clasp and looked long into the beloved face, while revenge boiled in his heart.  Then, without a glance for the coward Jogaila, he returned to his prison cell, there to await his father’s final obsequies.

At the same time, in the Šventaragio Valley, at the sanctuary of Perkūnas near the Neris river, preparations were being made at the place set aside for ritual cremation of Lithuania’s grand dukes.  Scores of servants had gathered the largest branches of oak and pine from the Lukiškiu forest.  Supervised by the senior priesthood, they built a funeral pyre, stuffing dried mosses and straw between the branches, and decorating all with wreaths fashioned of oak leaves.
Barrels of resin and grease were placed at each corner of the pyre to encourage the flames, and an urn placed on a precious carpet waited to receive the ashes of the Grand Duke.  On the sixth day, an enormous throng gathered, filling the whole of
Šventaragio Valley and the surrounding hills, occupying trees, fences and every available space, as the Grand Duke’s body, seated on his throne, was brought out and placed upon the pyre.  Today, the hero, who so often with his own body had defended these same hills, forests and rivers from the enemy, at a time when he was still so sorely needed, was leaving his beloved Lithuania forever.  It appeared that thus he said his final farewell, and from his throne placed on high, laid his final blessing on the gathered multitude. 

The Grand Duke’s faithful servant, having shared success and failure with Kestutis during all their lives, clambered up on the pyre and stood alongside his lord, unwilling to part with him now and determined to continue serving him in the next life.  The warhorse, as if knowing what fate awaited him, reared and bucked, neighed and escaped the hands leading him, but finally submitted and allowed himself to be lead to the pyre, where he was brought down and secured with ropes.  The unfortunate beast stretched his neck, flinging his long white mane from side to side, casting reproachful eyes upon the gathering.  The hunting hounds, falcons and hawks, all bound, were likewise placed around the pyre.  Finally, at the Duke’s feet was laid his treasure, all the things he would need in the afterlife: his gleaming weapons and arms, studded with precious gems; his  robes, golden belts and chains; bread and drink; and finally, a bag of gold.  All this, the Duke would surely need during his long journey.

Trumpets sounded, and attention shifted to an area where a portion of the Duke’s treasure had been set out upon the ground as relics and remembrances, and ten of Lithuania’s proudest and fiercest mounted warriors rode up.  At the signal, touching spurs to their mounts, they galloped, flew like lightning, and leaning from the saddle, scooped up weapons, belts, and fragments of the ducal robes, souvenirs of their leader to be saved for generations to come.  The crowd marveled at the young men’s skill and treated them to loud applause.

But a large dark cloud in the western sky boded ill, and it was necessary to proceed with the funeral.  As horns and long ceremonial trumpets sounded, and  hymns of mourning were heard once again, the priestly procession  advanced from the temple of Perkūnas, through the aged oaks.   First came the keepers of the sacred flame – vaidilutės - eyes lowered, robed in white, and after them the  priests – krivės – serious faces, heads wreathed in oak leaves, also robed in white, some trailing animal skins from their belts, each holding a tall crooked staff.  Finally, escorted by two senior priests, Lithuania’s high priest, the Krivė Krivaitis, a tall old man, hunched with his age.  In one hand he held his three-pronged staff; in the other, a torch lit from the sacred eternal flame of Perkūnas.
The procession arrived at the pyre and Krivė Krivaitis bowed low before the corpse,  the priests and vaidilutės doing likewise.  In solemn tones, Krivė Krivaitis then recounted the departed Grand Duke’s heroic deeds and services to Lithuania and her inhabitants.  He stood quietly awhile, then raised his eyes skyward, and proclaimed:

“I can see you, o valiant hero, in the wide heaven, in gleaming armor, flying through the milky way on your white steed.  In your hand you hold three stars, as you enter the Mansion of Eternal Joy, escorted by a mass of holy spirits!”

And so it seemed to those assembled, that they did see their duke, flying along the paths of heaven.  The superstitious Jogaila, a believer in magic, was as white as a sheet.

Krivė Krivaitis held the torch to all four corners of the pyre, then threw it up to the top.  Red and yellow flames licked at the branches of oak and pine, and soon the entire pyre was burning, clouds of heavy smoke obscuring the bodies atop and around it. 

A black cloud then covered the sky, lightning flashed and angry Perkūnas roared.
The funeral pyre continued to burn, an uncertain beacon in a sea of black. Suddenly, as the air crackled and thundered, the earth opened and swallowed the pyre with all that remained of Kestutis.  Nothing was left - not a sign that anything had stood and burned on that spot.  The frightened crowd dispersed in all directions, and the fainting Jogaila was carried into the castle by his cohort. 

Only the priests and vaidilutės remained, serene and unalarmed, and in solemn procession returned to their sanctuary, to praise all-powerful Perkūnas, foremost of the gods, lord of thunder and lightning.

 

Source:

From “Vilniaus Legendos”, a collection of folk tales

compiled by Stasys Lipskis and published by “Žuvėdra”
in Lithuania, 1998

© English Translation - Gloria O’Brien 2006

This article was printed in Lithuanian Heritage Jan/Feb 2006

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